Who were the survivors of the ‘Snowball Earth’ climate disasters, from whom the living surface biosphere descended? Charles Darwin knew the answer.
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A native of Toronto, Hoffman was a Senior Research Scientist with the Geological Survey of Canada (1969-92), Sturgis Hooper Professor of Geology at Harvard University (1994-2008), and Professor of Geology at The University of Victoria (1992-94) where he has been an Adjunct Professor since 2008. He was an early proponent of Precambrian plate tectonics, based on field research in northern Canada (1961-91), and the leading advocate of Snowball Earth, based on field research in northern Namibia (1993-2023). He is a recipient of career-achievement awards from learned societies on four continents, most recently the 2024 Kyoto Prize for Basic Sciences from the Inamori Foundation of Japan.

A native of Toronto, Hoffman was a Senior Research Scientist with the Geological Survey of Canada (1969-92), Sturgis Hooper Professor of Geology at Harvard University (1994-2008), and Professor of Geology at The University of Victoria (1992-94) where he has been an Adjunct Professor since 2008. He was an early proponent of Precambrian plate tectonics, based on field research in northern Canada (1961-91), and the leading advocate of Snowball Earth, based on field research in northern Namibia (1993-2023). He is a recipient of career-achievement awards from learned societies on four continents, most recently the 2024 Kyoto Prize for Basic Sciences from the Inamori Foundation of Japan.
Who were the survivors of the ‘Snowball Earth’ climate disasters, from whom the living surface biosphere descended? Charles Darwin knew the answer.